Aleksandr Chizhevsky
From Electromagnetic Man
Pg 39
One of the first researchers to study the effect of solar activity on mankind was a historian in Russia, Professor Aleksandr Chizhevsky (1897-1964), who is considered by many as the father of heliobiology. Chizhevsky’s main interest was sunspots, which he correlated with human activity. After collating data covering 2400 years, he claimed that it showed the world’s major mass movements, including all wars, uprisings and social movements, revealed regular cycles linked to the sunspot cycle (Chizhevsky, 1934, 1971). The peak in popular unrest coincided in nearly every case, at or near the year of maximum solar activity. He claimed that mass excitability linked to each solar cycle could be divided into four phases – minimum, increase, maximum and decline – which matched the progress of each solar cycle. According to Chizhevsky nearly 80 percent of all major events in modern history occurred in phases 2 and 3 and only 5 percent in phase 1. some examples of the former include the French revolutions of 1789, 1830 and 1848, the commune of 1870, the two Russian uprisings of 1905 and 1917, and the outbreak of the second world war (Playfair and Hill, 1978). More recent examples include the invasion of Czechoslovakia and the world-wide student unrest in 1968, the invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and the Falklands war in 1982.
As this book was published in 1989, there are no current references given for the correlation between sunspot activity and unrest. The last dates given in this book for solar maximum was the end of 1989 or early 1990.